ISRI - Information Systems Research Indicators

Construct: Subjective Norm

Description
Indicators

Note 1: Following are presented the definitions found for the construct in the used references, together with the theory/model.
Note 2: The same construct can be present in more than one theory/model.
Note 3: If the construct was not proposed in the original theory/model, it is identified as "Additional to theory/model".

Definition: Reflects perceptions that significant referents desire the individual to perform or not perform a behavior.

Theory/model: DTPB
Reference: (Taylor & Todd, 1995b)

Definition: A person’s perception that most people who are important to him think he should or should not perform the behavior in question.

Theory/model: TAM2
Reference: (Fishbein and Ajzen 1975; Venkatesh & Davis, 2000)

Definition: The degree to which an individual perceives that most people who are important to him think he should or should not use the system.

Theory/model: TAM3
Reference: (Fishbein & Ajzen, 1975; Venkatesh & Davis, 2000)

Definition: Refers to the perceived social pressure to perform or not to perform the behavior.

Theory/model: TPB
Reference: (Ajzen, 1991)

Definition: The person's perception that most people who are important to him think he should or should not perform the behavior in question.

Theory/model: TRA
Reference: (Fishbein & Ajzen, 1975)

Note 1: This list contains all the indicators (measuring variables) as defined by the authors when proposing/using/applying a theory/model in a context. It also includes the scales used to measure the variables.
Note 2: Some of the indicators are context-dependent.
Note 3: The same construct can be present in more than one theory/model.

Indicator	Scale	Context	Theory/Model	Reference(s)
People who influence my behavior would think that I should use the CRC.	Scale 0 to 7	Computing Resource Center (CRC)	DTPB	(Taylor & Todd, 1995c)

People who are important to me would think that I should use the CRC.	Scale 0 to 7	Computing Resource Center (CRC)	DTPB	(Taylor & Todd, 1995c)

People who influence me think that I should use the Internet TV.	Likert 1-7, Strongly Disagree to Agree	Internet TV	DTPB	(Hsieh, Rai, & Keil, 2008)

People who are important to me think that I should use the Internet TV.	Likert 1-7, Strongly Disagree to Agree	Internet TV	DTPB	(Hsieh, Rai, & Keil, 2008)

Most people who are important to me would think that I should buy a VCR-Plus+TM: (unlikely/likely).	Scale -3 to +3	VCR Plus and TM	DTPB	(Taylor & Todd, 1995b)

Most people who are important to me would think that I should use a VCR-Plus+TM to tape shows: (unlikely/likely).	Scale -3 to +3	VCR Plus and TM	DTPB	(Taylor & Todd, 1995b)

The people who influence my decisions would think that I should buy a VCR-Plus+TM: (unlikely/likely).	Scale -3 to +3	VCR Plus and TM	DTPB	(Taylor & Todd, 1995b)

The people who influence my decisions would think that I should use the VCR-Plus.	Scale -3 to +3	VCR Plus and TM	DTPB	(Taylor & Todd, 1995b)

My relatives think that I should use a computer.	Not Specified	Computer and PDA	TAM	(Srite & Karahanna, 2006)

My friends believe I should use a computer.	Not Specified	Computer and PDA	TAM	(Srite & Karahanna, 2006)

My professors think I should use a computer.	Not Specified	Computer and PDA	TAM	(Srite & Karahanna, 2006)

I believe that my classmates at college will think I should use a computer.	Not Specified	Computer and PDA	TAM	(Srite & Karahanna, 2006)

People who influence my behaviour think that I should use CBS.	Likert 1-7, Strongly Disagree to Agree	Computer Banking System (CBS)	TAM	(Brown, Massey, Montoya-Weiss, & Burkman, 2002)

People who are important to me think that I should use CBS.	Likert 1-7, Strongly Disagree to Agree	Computer Banking System (CBS)	TAM	(Brown, Massey, Montoya-Weiss, & Burkman, 2002)

People who influence my behavior think that I should use the system.	Likert 1-7, Strongly Disagree to Agree	Not Specified	TAM	(Venkatesh & Bala, 2008) (Venkatesh & Davis, 2000) (Venkatesh & Morris, 2000)

People who are important to me think that I should use the system.	Likert 1-7, Strongly Disagree to Agree	Not Specified	TAM	(Venkatesh & Bala, 2008) (Venkatesh & Davis, 2000) (Venkatesh & Morris, 2000)

The senior management of this business has been helpful in the use of the system.	Likert 1-7, Strongly Disagree to Agree	Not Specified	TAM	(Venkatesh & Bala, 2008)

In general, the organization has supported the use of the system.	Likert 1-7, Strongly Disagree to Agree	Not Specified	TAM	(Venkatesh & Bala, 2008)

People who influence my behavior (e.g., coworkers, supervisors, clients) think that I should use the IS.	Likert 1-5, Strongly Disagree to Agree	Not Specified	TAM	(Bhattacherjee & Lin, 2015)

People who are important to me (e.g., coworkers, supervisors, clients) think that I should use the IS.	Likert 1-5, Strongly Disagree to Agree	Not Specified	TAM	(Bhattacherjee & Lin, 2015)

People who influence my behavior (e.g., coworkers, supervisors, clients) would welcome my use of the IS in my work.	Likert 1-5, Strongly Disagree to Agree	Not Specified	TAM	(Bhattacherjee & Lin, 2015)

Most people who are important to me think it is a good idea to clean spyware from my computers.	Scale 1 to 5, Completely Disagree to Agree	Anti-Spyware	TPB	(Dinev, Goo, Hu, & Nam, 2009) (Dinev & Hu, 2007)

Most people who are important to me think it is a good idea to prevent spyware from running on my computer.	Scale 1 to 5, Completely Disagree to Agree	Anti-Spyware	TPB	(Dinev, Goo, Hu, & Nam, 2009) (Dinev & Hu, 2007)

People who are important to me think that I should use the system.	Likert 1-7 and Scale 0 to 10, Disagree Completely to Agree Completely	Not Specified	TPB	(Kim, 2009) (Titah & Barki, 2009)

People who influence me think that I should use the system.	Likert 1-7 and Scale 0 to 10, Disagree Completely to Agree Completely	Not Specified	TPB	(Kim, 2009) (Titah & Barki, 2009)

My friends think I should use IM.	Likert 1-7, Strongly Disagree to Agree	Instant messaging (IM) systems	TRA	(Van Slyke, Ilie, Lou, & Stafford, 2007)

People who influence me think that I should use IM.	Likert 1-7, Strongly Disagree to Agree	Instant messaging (IM) systems	TRA	(Van Slyke, Ilie, Lou, & Stafford, 2007)

People who are important to me think that I should use IM.	Likert 1-7, Strongly Disagree to Agree	Instant messaging (IM) systems	TRA	(Van Slyke, Ilie, Lou, & Stafford, 2007)

Most people who are important to me think I should adopt Windows.	Scale -3 to +3	Microsoft's Windows 3.1 software package	TRA	(Karahanna, Straub, & Chervany, 1999)