Theory/Model

Theory/Model details. (MORE INFO)

Theory/Model: DM


  • Description
  • Diagram
  • Constructs
  • Contexts
  • Indicators by construct

Delone and McLean IS Success Model

The DeLone and McLean IS Success Model, proposed by DeLone & McLean, is based on theoretical and empirical research in information systems, conducted by several researchers between 1981 and 1990 (DeLone & McLean, 2003, 2016). According to DeLone & McLean (1992), the DeLone and McLean IS Success Model was proposed as a framework and model to conceptualize and operationalize the information systems success. DeLone and McLean, in 2003, proposed an update to the model, becoming known as Updated DeLone and McLean IS Success Model, this update emerges after the authors review the various contributions of research on the success of information systems of high importance in the previous decade, focusing essentially on research efforts that applied, validated, challenged, and proposed improvements to the original model (Delone & McLean, 2003).

References: (DeLone & McLean, 1992, 2003, 2016)

Note: This diagram only contains the constructs proposed in the original theory/model.


Note: This list contains not only the constructs proposed in the original theory/model but also the constructs proposed by the authors that applied the theory/model in a particular context.

Collaboration Quality
Communication Quality
Hardware Quality
Impact of Operational IS Use
Impact of Strategic IS Use
Impact of Tactical IS Use
Individual Impact
Information Quality
Intention to Continue Using
Intention to Reuse
Intention to Use (Use)
Knowledge-Intensity
Management Support
Net Benefits
Organizational Impact
Perceived Value
Plan Quality
Process Quality
Process Standardization
Service Quality
System Quality
Trust in Government
Trust in Government Web Site
Trust in Technology
Use
User Satisfaction
Note: This list contains the contexts were the theory/model was used/applied.

Employee Portal
Not Specified
Student Information System (SIS)
e-Commerce
e-Government Website
Note 1: This list contains not only the constructs proposed in the original theory/model but also the constructs proposed by the authors that applied the theory/model in a particular context.
Note 2: Are only presented the constructs that are described in the literature in terms of indicators.

  • Construct: Collaboration Quality
      IndicatorScaleContextReference(s)
      Our employee portal enables an easy and comfortable communication with my colleagues.Likert 1 -7, Very Low to Very HighEmployee Portal(Urbach, Smolnik, & Riempp, 2010)
      Our employee portal supports an effective and efficient sharing of information with my colleagues.Likert 1 -7, Very Low to Very HighEmployee Portal(Urbach, Smolnik, & Riempp, 2010)
      Our employee portal enables a comfortable storing and sharing of documents with my colleagues.Likert 1 -7, Very Low to Very HighEmployee Portal(Urbach, Smolnik, & Riempp, 2010)
      Our employee portal allows me to easily and quickly locate my colleagues’ contact information.Likert 1 -7, Very Low to Very HighEmployee Portal(Urbach, Smolnik, & Riempp, 2010)
      Our employee portal allows me to enter my competence profile easily and in a structured way.Likert 1 -7, Very Low to Very HighEmployee Portal(Urbach, Smolnik, & Riempp, 2010)
      Our employee portal enables me to identify experts within my organization easily and quickly.Likert 1 -7, Very Low to Very HighEmployee Portal(Urbach, Smolnik, & Riempp, 2010)
      Our employee portal supports an effective networking between the members of my organization.Likert 1 -7, Very Low to Very HighEmployee Portal(Urbach, Smolnik, & Riempp, 2010)
  • Construct: Communication Quality
      IndicatorScaleContextReference(s)
      Communication systems are available for use 24 hours per day, seven days per week.Likert 1-7, Strongly Disagree to AgreeNot Specified(Bradley, Pridmore, & Byrd, 2006)
      Communication systems response times are adequate to keep users satisfied.Likert 1-7, Strongly Disagree to AgreeNot Specified(Bradley, Pridmore, & Byrd, 2006)
      Communication systems exhibit high degrees of reliability.Likert 1-7, Strongly Disagree to AgreeNot Specified(Bradley, Pridmore, & Byrd, 2006)
      Communication systems uptimes are comparable to available user time.Likert 1-7, Strongly Disagree to AgreeNot Specified(Bradley, Pridmore, & Byrd, 2006)
  • Construct: Hardware Quality
      IndicatorScaleContextReference(s)
      Hardware and operating systems are available for use 24 hours per day, seven days a week.Likert 1-7, Strongly Disagree to AgreeNot Specified(Bradley, Pridmore, & Byrd, 2006)
      Hardware and operating systems response times are adequate to keep users satisfied.Likert 1-7, Strongly Disagree to AgreeNot Specified(Bradley, Pridmore, & Byrd, 2006)
      Hardware and operating systems exhibit high degrees of reliability.Likert 1-7, Strongly Disagree to AgreeNot Specified(Bradley, Pridmore, & Byrd, 2006)
      Hardware and operating systems uptime are comparable to available user time.Likert 1-7, Strongly Disagree to AgreeNot Specified(Bradley, Pridmore, & Byrd, 2006)
  • Construct: Impact of Operational IS Use
      IndicatorScaleContextReference(s)
      Activities associated with purchasing inputs (raw materials) required by your firm.Likert 1-7, Strongly Disagree to AgreeNot Specified(Bradley, Pridmore, & Byrd, 2006)
      Receiving, storing, and disseminating inputs to the products (e.g., materials handling, warehousing).Likert 1-7, Strongly Disagree to AgreeNot Specified(Bradley, Pridmore, & Byrd, 2006)
      Transforming inputs into final product (e.g., cutting, assembly).Likert 1-7, Strongly Disagree to AgreeNot Specified(Bradley, Pridmore, & Byrd, 2006)
      Collecting, storing, and distributing the final product to your firm’s customers (e.g., order processing, scheduling).Likert 1-7, Strongly Disagree to AgreeNot Specified(Bradley, Pridmore, & Byrd, 2006)
      Providing service to maintain or enhance the value of the product (e.g., maintenance notices, upgrades).Likert 1-7, Strongly Disagree to AgreeNot Specified(Bradley, Pridmore, & Byrd, 2006)
      Improving your firm’s products and processes (e.g., R&D).Likert 1-7, Strongly Disagree to AgreeNot Specified(Bradley, Pridmore, & Byrd, 2006)
      Coordinating different activities described above (e.g., purchasing, order processing, marketing, etc.).Likert 1-7, Strongly Disagree to AgreeNot Specified(Bradley, Pridmore, & Byrd, 2006)
      Interacting and coordinating activities with customers.Likert 1-7, Strongly Disagree to AgreeNot Specified(Bradley, Pridmore, & Byrd, 2006)
  • Construct: Impact of Strategic IS Use
      IndicatorScaleContextReference(s)
      IT has enabled your firm to gain market share.Likert 1-7, Strongly Disagree to AgreeNot Specified(Bradley, Pridmore, & Byrd, 2006)
      IT has enabled your firm to establish competitive barriers.Likert 1-7, Strongly Disagree to AgreeNot Specified(Bradley, Pridmore, & Byrd, 2006)
      IT has enabled your firm to establish a defensible market.Likert 1-7, Strongly Disagree to AgreeNot Specified(Bradley, Pridmore, & Byrd, 2006)
  • Construct: Impact of Tactical IS Use
      IndicatorScaleContextReference(s)
      IT has enabled your firm to improve administrative efficiency.Likert 1-7, Strongly Disagree to AgreeNot Specified(Bradley, Pridmore, & Byrd, 2006)
      IT has enabled your firm to improve productivity.Likert 1-7, Strongly Disagree to AgreeNot Specified(Bradley, Pridmore, & Byrd, 2006)
      IT has enabled your firm to improve allocation of scare resources. Likert 1-7, Strongly Disagree to AgreeNot Specified(Bradley, Pridmore, & Byrd, 2006)
      IT has enabled your firm to improve internal services.Likert 1-7, Strongly Disagree to AgreeNot Specified(Bradley, Pridmore, & Byrd, 2006)
      IT has enabled your firm to improve external services.Likert 1-7, Strongly Disagree to AgreeNot Specified(Bradley, Pridmore, & Byrd, 2006)
  • Construct: Individual Impact
      IndicatorScaleContextReference(s)
      The employee portal enables me to accomplish tasks more quickly.Likert 1 -7, Very Low to Very HighEmployee Portal(Urbach, Smolnik, & Riempp, 2010)
      The employee portal improves my job performance.Likert 1 -7, Very Low to Very HighEmployee Portal(Urbach, Smolnik, & Riempp, 2010)
      The employee portal increases my productivity.Likert 1 -7, Very Low to Very HighEmployee Portal(Urbach, Smolnik, & Riempp, 2010)
      The employee portal enhances my job effectiveness.Likert 1 -7, Very Low to Very HighEmployee Portal(Urbach, Smolnik, & Riempp, 2010)
      The employee portal makes it easier to accomplish tasks.Likert 1 -7, Very Low to Very HighEmployee Portal(Urbach, Smolnik, & Riempp, 2010)
      The employee portal is useful for my job.Likert 1 -7, Very Low to Very HighEmployee Portal(Urbach, Smolnik, & Riempp, 2010)
      Using SIS enables me to accomplish student-related tasks more quickly.Scale 1 to 7Student Information System (SIS)(Rai, Lang, & Welker, 2002)
      Using SIS improves my job performance.Scale 1 to 7Student Information System (SIS)(Rai, Lang, & Welker, 2002)
      Using SIS in my job increases my productivity.Scale 1 to 7Student Information System (SIS)(Rai, Lang, & Welker, 2002)
      Using SIS enhances my effectiveness on the job.Scale 1 to 7Student Information System (SIS)(Rai, Lang, & Welker, 2002)
      Using SIS makes it easier to do my job.Scale 1 to 7Student Information System (SIS)(Rai, Lang, & Welker, 2002)
      I find SIS useful on my job.Scale 1 to 7Student Information System (SIS)(Rai, Lang, & Welker, 2002)
  • Construct: Information Quality
      IndicatorScaleContextReference(s)
      The information provided by our employee portal is useful.Likert 1 -7, Very Low to Very HighEmployee Portal(Urbach, Smolnik, & Riempp, 2010)
      The information provided by our employee portal is understandable.Likert 1 -7, Very Low to Very HighEmployee Portal(Urbach, Smolnik, & Riempp, 2010)
      The information provided by our employee portal is interesting.Likert 1 -7, Very Low to Very HighEmployee Portal(Urbach, Smolnik, & Riempp, 2010)
      The information provided by our employee portal is reliable.Likert 1 -7, Very Low to Very HighEmployee Portal(Urbach, Smolnik, & Riempp, 2010)
      The information provided by our employee portal is complete.Likert 1 -7, Very Low to Very HighEmployee Portal(Urbach, Smolnik, & Riempp, 2010)
      The information provided by our employee portal is up-to-date.Likert 1 -7, Very Low to Very HighEmployee Portal(Urbach, Smolnik, & Riempp, 2010)
      The e-commerce system provides the precise information you need.Likert 1-7, Strongly Disagree to Agreee-Commerce(Wang, 2008)
      The information content meets your needs.Likert 1-7, Strongly Disagree to Agreee-Commerce(Wang, 2008)
      You feel the output is reliable.Likert 1-7, Strongly Disagree to Agreee-Commerce(Wang, 2008)
      The e-commerce system provides up-to-date information.Likert 1-7, Strongly Disagree to Agreee-Commerce(Wang, 2008)
      This Web site provides sufficient information.Likert 1-7e-Government Website(Teo, Srivastava, & Jiang, 2008)
      Through this Web site, I get the information I need in time.Likert 1-7e-Government Website(Teo, Srivastava, & Jiang, 2008)
      I am satisfied with the accuracy of this Web site.Likert 1-7e-Government Website(Teo, Srivastava, & Jiang, 2008)
      Information provided by this Web site meets my needs.Likert 1-7e-Government Website(Teo, Srivastava, & Jiang, 2008)
      Information provided by this Web site is in a useful format.Likert 1-7e-Government Website(Teo, Srivastava, & Jiang, 2008)
      Information provided by this Web site is clear.Likert 1-7e-Government Website(Teo, Srivastava, & Jiang, 2008)
      Information provided by this Web site is accurate.Likert 1-7e-Government Website(Teo, Srivastava, & Jiang, 2008)
      Information provided by this Web site is up-to-date.Likert 1-7e-Government Website(Teo, Srivastava, & Jiang, 2008)
      Information provided by this Web site is reliable.Likert 1-7e-Government Website(Teo, Srivastava, & Jiang, 2008)
      Users receive reports in a timely manner.Likert 1-7, Strongly Disagree to AgreeNot Specified(Bradley, Pridmore, & Byrd, 2006)
      Users receive accurate information output.Likert 1-7, Strongly Disagree to AgreeNot Specified(Bradley, Pridmore, & Byrd, 2006)
      Users receive current information output.Likert 1-7, Strongly Disagree to AgreeNot Specified(Bradley, Pridmore, & Byrd, 2006)
      Users receive complete (thorough) information output.Likert 1-7, Strongly Disagree to AgreeNot Specified(Bradley, Pridmore, & Byrd, 2006)
      Users receive relevant information output.Likert 1-7, Strongly Disagree to AgreeNot Specified(Bradley, Pridmore, & Byrd, 2006)
      Users receive reliable information output.Likert 1-7, Strongly Disagree to AgreeNot Specified(Bradley, Pridmore, & Byrd, 2006)
      Does SIS provide the precise information you need?Scale 1 to 5Student Information System (SIS)(Rai, Lang, & Welker, 2002)
      Does SIS provide output that is exactly what you need?Scale 1 to 5Student Information System (SIS)(Rai, Lang, & Welker, 2002)
      Does SIS provide sufficient information to enable you to do your tasks?Scale 1 to 5Student Information System (SIS)(Rai, Lang, & Welker, 2002)
      Does SIS have errors in the program that you must work around?Scale 1 to 5Student Information System (SIS)(Rai, Lang, & Welker, 2002)
      Are you satisfied with the accuracy of SIS?Scale 1 to 5Student Information System (SIS)(Rai, Lang, & Welker, 2002)
      Are the output options (print types, page sizes allowed for, etc.) sufficient for your use?Scale 1 to 5Student Information System (SIS)(Rai, Lang, & Welker, 2002)
      Is the information provided helpful regarding your questions or problems?Scale 1 to 5Student Information System (SIS)(Rai, Lang, & Welker, 2002)
  • Construct: Intention to Continue Using
      IndicatorScaleContextReference(s)
      I intend to continue using this Web site rather than discontinue it.Likert 1-7e-Government Website(Teo, Srivastava, & Jiang, 2008)
      My intention is to continue using this Web site rather than use any alternative means (e.g., offline interaction with the government agency).Likert 1-7e-Government Website(Teo, Srivastava, & Jiang, 2008)
      I will not discontinue my use of this Web siteLikert 1-7e-Government Website(Teo, Srivastava, & Jiang, 2008)
  • Construct: Intention to Reuse
      IndicatorScaleContextReference(s)
      Assuming that you have access to the e-commerce system, you intend to reuse it.Likert 1-7, Strongly Disagree to Agreee-Commerce(Wang, 2008)
      You will reuse the e-commerce system in the future.Likert 1-7, Strongly Disagree to Agreee-Commerce(Wang, 2008)
      You will frequently use the e-commerce system in the future.Likert 1-7, Strongly Disagree to Agreee-Commerce(Wang, 2008)
  • Construct: Knowledge-Intensity
      IndicatorScaleContextReference(s)
      A high level of complex knowledge and understanding is required to perform my regular work.Likert 1 -7, Very Low to Very HighEmployee Portal(Urbach, Smolnik, & Riempp, 2010)
      I need a great deal of information to accomplish my tasks.Likert 1 -7, Very Low to Very HighEmployee Portal(Urbach, Smolnik, & Riempp, 2010)
      My job can be considered as very knowledge intensive.Likert 1 -7, Very Low to Very HighEmployee Portal(Urbach, Smolnik, & Riempp, 2010)
  • Construct: Management Support
      IndicatorScaleContextReference(s)
      My supervisor actively encourages me to use the employee portal.Likert 1 -7, Very Low to Very HighEmployee Portal(Urbach, Smolnik, & Riempp, 2010)
      My organization’s leadership explicitly supports the employee portal’s use.Likert 1 -7, Very Low to Very HighEmployee Portal(Urbach, Smolnik, & Riempp, 2010)
  • Construct: Organizational Impact
      IndicatorScaleContextReference(s)
      The employee portal has helped my organization improve the efficiency of internal operations.Likert 1 -7, Very Low to Very HighEmployee Portal(Urbach, Smolnik, & Riempp, 2010)
      The employee portal has helped my organization improve the quality of working results.Likert 1 -7, Very Low to Very HighEmployee Portal(Urbach, Smolnik, & Riempp, 2010)
      The employee portal has helped my organization enhance and improve coordination within the organization.Likert 1 -7, Very Low to Very HighEmployee Portal(Urbach, Smolnik, & Riempp, 2010)
      The employee portal has helped my organization enhance and improve collaboration within the organization.Likert 1 -7, Very Low to Very HighEmployee Portal(Urbach, Smolnik, & Riempp, 2010)
      The employee portal has helped distinguish my organization from similar organizations.Likert 1 -7, Very Low to Very HighEmployee Portal(Urbach, Smolnik, & Riempp, 2010)
      The employee portal has helped my organization make itself an overall success.Likert 1 -7, Very Low to Very HighEmployee Portal(Urbach, Smolnik, & Riempp, 2010)
  • Construct: Perceived Value
      IndicatorScaleContextReference(s)
      The product/service of the e-commerce system is a good value for money.Likert 1-7, Strongly Disagree to Agreee-Commerce(Wang, 2008)
      The price of the product/service of the e-commerce system is acceptable.Likert 1-7, Strongly Disagree to Agreee-Commerce(Wang, 2008)
      The product/service of the e-commerce system is considered to be a good buy.Likert 1-7, Strongly Disagree to Agreee-Commerce(Wang, 2008)
  • Construct: Plan Quality
      IndicatorScaleContextReference(s)
      IT department’s planning supports your firm’s ability to keep up with changing technology.Likert 1-7, Strongly Disagree to AgreeNot Specified(Bradley, Pridmore, & Byrd, 2006)
      IT department’s services evolve to meet your firm’s changing needs and capabilities.Likert 1-7, Strongly Disagree to AgreeNot Specified(Bradley, Pridmore, & Byrd, 2006)
      Long-term data infrastructure plans exist and are followed.Likert 1-7, Strongly Disagree to AgreeNot Specified(Bradley, Pridmore, & Byrd, 2006)
      Long-term network infrastructure plans exist and are followed.Likert 1-7, Strongly Disagree to AgreeNot Specified(Bradley, Pridmore, & Byrd, 2006)
  • Construct: Process Quality
      IndicatorScaleContextReference(s)
      Our employee portal supports the work processes efficiently.Likert 1 -7, Very Low to Very HighEmployee Portal(Urbach, Smolnik, & Riempp, 2010)
      Our employee portal supports the work processes reliably.Likert 1 -7, Very Low to Very HighEmployee Portal(Urbach, Smolnik, & Riempp, 2010)
      Our employee portal supports the work processes accurately.Likert 1 -7, Very Low to Very HighEmployee Portal(Urbach, Smolnik, & Riempp, 2010)
      Our employee portal supports the easy initiation of work processes.Likert 1 -7, Very Low to Very HighEmployee Portal(Urbach, Smolnik, & Riempp, 2010)
      Our employee portal supports the work processes in a way that allows one to understand them.Likert 1 -7, Very Low to Very HighEmployee Portal(Urbach, Smolnik, & Riempp, 2010)
      Our employee portal supports the work processes in a way that allows one to trace them.Likert 1 -7, Very Low to Very HighEmployee Portal(Urbach, Smolnik, & Riempp, 2010)
      Our employee portal supports the work processes fully.Likert 1 -7, Very Low to Very HighEmployee Portal(Urbach, Smolnik, & Riempp, 2010)
  • Construct: Process Standardization
      IndicatorScaleContextReference(s)
      The tasks I have to accomplish to do my job are largely repetitive.Likert 1 -7, Very Low to Very HighEmployee Portal(Urbach, Smolnik, & Riempp, 2010)
      The activities of my work processes are transparent and comprehensible.Likert 1 -7, Very Low to Very HighEmployee Portal(Urbach, Smolnik, & Riempp, 2010)
      My job is characterized by a high degree of process standardization.Likert 1 -7, Very Low to Very HighEmployee Portal(Urbach, Smolnik, & Riempp, 2010)
  • Construct: Service Quality
      IndicatorScaleContextReference(s)
      The responsible service personnel are always highly willing to help whenever I need support with the employee portal.Likert 1 -7, Very Low to Very HighEmployee Portal(Urbach, Smolnik, & Riempp, 2010)
      The responsible service personnel provide personal attention when I experience problems with the employee portal.Likert 1 -7, Very Low to Very HighEmployee Portal(Urbach, Smolnik, & Riempp, 2010)
      The responsible service personnel provide services related to the employee portal at the promised time.Likert 1 -7, Very Low to Very HighEmployee Portal(Urbach, Smolnik, & Riempp, 2010)
      The responsible service personnel have sufficient knowledge to answer my questions in respect of the employee portal.Likert 1 -7, Very Low to Very HighEmployee Portal(Urbach, Smolnik, & Riempp, 2010)
      When you have a problem, the e-commerce system service shows a sincere interest in solving it.Likert 1-7, Strongly Disagree to Agreee-Commerce(Wang, 2008)
      The e-commerce system service is always willing to help you.Likert 1-7, Strongly Disagree to Agreee-Commerce(Wang, 2008)
      You feel safe in your transactions with the e-commerce system service in terms of security and privacy protection.Likert 1-7, Strongly Disagree to Agreee-Commerce(Wang, 2008)
      The e-commerce system service has the knowledge to answer your questions.Likert 1-7, Strongly Disagree to Agreee-Commerce(Wang, 2008)
      The e-commerce system service gives you individual attention.Likert 1-7, Strongly Disagree to Agreee-Commerce(Wang, 2008)
      The e-commerce system service understands your specific needs.Likert 1-7, Strongly Disagree to Agreee-Commerce(Wang, 2008)
      This Web site provides dependable services.Likert 1-7e-Government Website(Teo, Srivastava, & Jiang, 2008)
      This Web site provides services at the times it promises.Likert 1-7e-Government Website(Teo, Srivastava, & Jiang, 2008)
      This Web site gives prompt service to citizens.Likert 1-7e-Government Website(Teo, Srivastava, & Jiang, 2008)
      This Web site is responsive to citizen’s request.Likert 1-7e-Government Website(Teo, Srivastava, & Jiang, 2008)
      This Web site is designed with citizen’s best interests at heart.Likert 1-7e-Government Website(Teo, Srivastava, & Jiang, 2008)
      This Web site is designed to satisfy the needs of citizens.Likert 1-7e-Government Website(Teo, Srivastava, & Jiang, 2008)
  • Construct: System Quality
      IndicatorScaleContextReference(s)
      Our employee portal is easy to navigate.Likert 1 -7, Very Low to Very HighEmployee Portal(Urbach, Smolnik, & Riempp, 2010)
      Our employee portal allows me to easily find the information I am looking for.Likert 1 -7, Very Low to Very HighEmployee Portal(Urbach, Smolnik, & Riempp, 2010)
      Our employee portal is well structured.Likert 1 -7, Very Low to Very HighEmployee Portal(Urbach, Smolnik, & Riempp, 2010)
      Our employee portal is easy to use.Likert 1 -7, Very Low to Very HighEmployee Portal(Urbach, Smolnik, & Riempp, 2010)
      Our employee portal offers appropriate functionality.Likert 1 -7, Very Low to Very HighEmployee Portal(Urbach, Smolnik, & Riempp, 2010)
      Our employee portal offers comfortable access to all the business applications I need.Likert 1 -7, Very Low to Very HighEmployee Portal(Urbach, Smolnik, & Riempp, 2010)
      The e-commerce system is user friendly.Likert 1-7, Strongly Disagree to Agreee-Commerce(Wang, 2008)
      The e-commerce system is easy to use.Likert 1-7, Strongly Disagree to Agreee-Commerce(Wang, 2008)
      This Web site is easy to use.Likert 1-7e-Government Website(Teo, Srivastava, & Jiang, 2008)
      This Web site is user friendly.Likert 1-7e-Government Website(Teo, Srivastava, & Jiang, 2008)
      I find it easy to get this Web site to do what I want it to do.Likert 1-7e-Government Website(Teo, Srivastava, & Jiang, 2008)
      I believe that this Web site is cumbersome to use.Likert 1-7e-Government Website(Teo, Srivastava, & Jiang, 2008)
      Using this Web site requires a lot of effort.Likert 1-7e-Government Website(Teo, Srivastava, & Jiang, 2008)
      Using this Web site is often frustrating.Likert 1-7e-Government Website(Teo, Srivastava, & Jiang, 2008)
      Is SIS user friendly?Scale 1 to 5Student Information System (SIS)(Rai, Lang, & Welker, 2002)
      Is SIS easy to use?Scale 1 to 5Student Information System (SIS)(Rai, Lang, & Welker, 2002)
  • Construct: Trust in Government
      IndicatorScaleContextReference(s)
      I feel that government acts in citizen’s best interest.Likert 1-7e-Government Website(Teo, Srivastava, & Jiang, 2008)
      I feel fine interacting with the government since government generally fulfills its duties efficiently.Likert 1-7e-Government Website(Teo, Srivastava, & Jiang, 2008)
      I always feel confident that I can rely on government to do their part when I interact with them.Likert 1-7e-Government Website(Teo, Srivastava, & Jiang, 2008)
      I am comfortable relying on the government to meet their obligations.Likert 1-7e-Government Website(Teo, Srivastava, & Jiang, 2008)
  • Construct: Trust in Government Web Site
      IndicatorScaleContextReference(s)
      This Web site is trustworthy.Likert 1-7e-Government Website(Teo, Srivastava, & Jiang, 2008)
      This Web site seems to be honest and truthful to me.Likert 1-7e-Government Website(Teo, Srivastava, & Jiang, 2008)
      This Web site can be trusted.Likert 1-7e-Government Website(Teo, Srivastava, & Jiang, 2008)
  • Construct: Trust in Technology
      IndicatorScaleContextReference(s)
      The Internet has enough safeguards to make me feel comfortable using it.Likert 1-7e-Government Website(Teo, Srivastava, & Jiang, 2008)
      I feel assured that legal and technological structures adequately protect me from problems on the Internet.Likert 1-7e-Government Website(Teo, Srivastava, & Jiang, 2008)
      I feel confident that encryption and other technological advances on the Internet make it safe for me to transact there.Likert 1-7e-Government Website(Teo, Srivastava, & Jiang, 2008)
  • Construct: Use
      IndicatorScaleContextReference(s)
      Retrieve information.Likert 1 -7, Very Low to Very HighEmployee Portal(Urbach, Smolnik, & Riempp, 2010)
      Publish information.Likert 1 -7, Very Low to Very HighEmployee Portal(Urbach, Smolnik, & Riempp, 2010)
      Communicate with colleagues.Likert 1 -7, Very Low to Very HighEmployee Portal(Urbach, Smolnik, & Riempp, 2010)
      Store and share documents.Likert 1 -7, Very Low to Very HighEmployee Portal(Urbach, Smolnik, & Riempp, 2010)
      Retrieve your colleagues’ contact information.Likert 1 -7, Very Low to Very HighEmployee Portal(Urbach, Smolnik, & Riempp, 2010)
      Retrieve competence profiles.Likert 1 -7, Very Low to Very HighEmployee Portal(Urbach, Smolnik, & Riempp, 2010)
      Network with colleagues.Likert 1 -7, Very Low to Very HighEmployee Portal(Urbach, Smolnik, & Riempp, 2010)
      Execute work processes.Likert 1 -7, Very Low to Very HighEmployee Portal(Urbach, Smolnik, & Riempp, 2010)
      I am dependent on SIS.Scale 1 to 5Student Information System (SIS)(Rai, Lang, & Welker, 2002)
  • Construct: User Satisfaction
      IndicatorScaleContextReference(s)
      How adequately does the employee portal support your area of work and responsibility?Likert 1 -7, Very Low to Very HighEmployee Portal(Urbach, Smolnik, & Riempp, 2010)
      How efficient is the employee portal?Likert 1 -7, Very Low to Very HighEmployee Portal(Urbach, Smolnik, & Riempp, 2010)
      How effective is the employee portal?Likert 1 -7, Very Low to Very HighEmployee Portal(Urbach, Smolnik, & Riempp, 2010)
      Are you satisfied with the employee portal on the whole?Likert 1 -7, Very Low to Very HighEmployee Portal(Urbach, Smolnik, & Riempp, 2010)
      You are satisfied with this e-commerce system.Likert 1-7, Strongly Disagree to Agreee-Commerce(Wang, 2008)
      The e-commerce system is of high quality.Likert 1-7, Strongly Disagree to Agreee-Commerce(Wang, 2008)
      The e-commerce system has met your expectations.Likert 1-7, Strongly Disagree to Agreee-Commerce(Wang, 2008)
      How adequately do you feel this Web site meets your needs of interaction with the government agency?Likert 1-7e-Government Website(Teo, Srivastava, & Jiang, 2008)
      How efficient is this Web site in fulfilling your needs of interaction with the government agency?Likert 1-7e-Government Website(Teo, Srivastava, & Jiang, 2008)
      How effective is this Web site in fulfilling your needs of interaction with the government agency?Likert 1-7e-Government Website(Teo, Srivastava, & Jiang, 2008)
      Overall, are you satisfied with this Web site?Likert 1-7e-Government Website(Teo, Srivastava, & Jiang, 2008)
      How would you rate your satisfaction with SIS?Scale 1 to 5Student Information System (SIS)(Rai, Lang, & Welker, 2002)